Epidemic Characteristics of the Novel Coronavirus Delta Variant in Guangzhou and Grid Crowd Management Based on Public Security Forensic Perspective / 法医学杂志

Abstract： Objective To analyze the first epidemic spread of the novel coronavirus Delta variant in China based on public security forensic perspective, investigate its transmission characteristics, contributing factors, and epidemiologic research experience, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus variant. Methods Based on the information that public security forensic experts obtained from front-line epidemiologic research, the gender, age, place of residence, transmission route and infectivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and their close contacts in Guangzhou caused by the novel coronavirus Delta variant were analyzed. The basic reproduction number （R0） during this epidemic in Guangzhou was calculated. Results Among the 153 cases infected with novel coronavirus Delta variant in the epidemic, 63 cases were male and 90 cases were female, their age ranging from 1 to 92 years, with a median age of 49 years. The main route of transmission was close contact, including dining together, co-living, and close contact in the same residential building. There were 31 cases of family clusters, 25 of which were in Liwan District. The epidemic lasted from May 26 to May 29, and the R0 remained above 4.0. After May 30, R0 began to decline and remained below 1.0 from June 7. Conclusion The novel coronavirus Delta variant is highly infectious, the crowd is generally susceptible to infection and family cluster cases are easy to occur. So, it is necessary to precisely prevent and control this strain. Public security forensic experts have both medical literacy and criminal investigation capabilities, they can play a more professional role in epidemic prevention and control.

Genetic Polymorphism and Forensic Application of 47 Autosomal InDel Loci in 5 Chinese Ethnic Groups / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the population genetic data of 47 autosomal insertion/deletion （InDel） polymorphism genetic markers involved in AGCU InDel 50 kit in Guangdong Han, Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam, and to evaluate their application in forensic DNA identification. Methods Multiplex amplification of the 768 unrelated individuals from the 5 ethnic groups mentioned above was performed with the AGCU InDel 50 kit. Genotyping was carried out by 3500xL gene analyzer, population genetic parameters were gathered and polymorphism analysis was performed. Results No linkage disequilibrium was found among 47 autosomal InDel loci in the 5 ethnic groups. The distribution of genotype frequency of 47 autosomal InDel loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangdong Han and Guangxi Zhuang. Except for rs139934789, the other 46 loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam. The results of genetic variation analysis among the populations showed that 1.12% of genetic variation was caused by ethnic group differences. The cumulative discrimination power of 47 autosomal InDel loci for the 5 ethnic groups were all above 0.999 999 999 999 999. The cumulative probability of exclusion for each ethnic group was less than 0.999 9. The two Y-InDels were identified in all male individuals and were absent in all female individuals. Conclusion Except for rs139934789, the other 46 InDel loci have a relatively good genetic polymorphism in the 5 Chinese ethnic groups, and can be used for forensic individual identification and as effective supplements for paternity testing.

Effect on visual parameters in myopic children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the efficacy of AMSPL on myopia control, and confirm the security of wearing AMSPL, through comparing the impacts on visual parameters between myopic children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)and myopic children wearing the standard design control lens(SPL).<p>METHODS: Totally 50 children aged 8 to 14 years wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)were collected into the AMSPL group, and other 50 children in the same age, the same degree of myopia and the same glasses time wearing standard design control lens(SPL)were selected into normal control group randomly(SPL group). We reviewed their documents and exam all patients. The examination include intraocular pressure, refraction under cycloplegia, distant strabismus and near strabismus, AC/A ratio. <p>RESULTS: The children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)had lower feeling of comfort than SPL group, mainly in peripheral vision confused, but no difference between them 1mo later. The AMSPL group's average growth of refractive error is -0.62±0.50D, the SPL group's average growth of refractive error is -0.77±0.48D(<i>P</i>=0.072). In myopic children aged 8 to 10 years, the AMSPL group's average development of refractive error is -0.71±0.41D, lower than the SPL group that of -1.05±0.39D, the difference was significant(<i>t</i>=2.164, <i>P</i>=0.041). Between the two groups, there was no significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05)in visual parameters of distant strabismus, near strabismus, AC/A ratio.<p>CONCLUSION: Wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)can delay the progression of myopia to a certain extent, especially for myopic children aged 8 to 10 years. It suggests that wearing AMSPL has the same safety with SPL for myopic children.

Change of corrected vision and stereo vision in anisometropic patients after LASIK / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the change of corrected vision and stereo vision in anisometropic patients after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: The clinical data of 84 cases of anisometropic children(84 eyes) were retrospective analyzed.The changes of corrected visual acuity and stereopsis of different gender,age,type of amblyopia in children anisometropic before treatment,after treatment for 3,6mo and 1a were analyzed.The stereoscopic vision correction correlation were analyzed.RESULTS: Corrected Log MAR visual acuity and stereopsis of 84 patients after LASIK surgery treatment for 3mo,and 1a later significantly decreased than before treatment (P0.05).Corrected visual acuity of age 0.05).Improved correctted vision of anisometropic patients after LASIK surgery had no connection with the decrease of stereo vision(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: LASIK surgery can improve visual acuity in patients with anisometropia amblyopia,but the course of treatment of visual acuity and stereopsis affected by age and type of amblyopia.

Development of a Fluorescence Multiplex Amplification System with 24 Y-STR Loci / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci.@*METHODS@#otal 24 Y-STR gene loci, concluding DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS635, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS385a/b, DYS444, were chosen for establishing the fluorescence multiplex amplification system. The specificity, identity, sensitivity, balance of the amplification, anti-interference and accuracy of the system were detected and the gene diversity was investigated in the population of Guangdong.@*RESULTS@#No band was found in nonhuman and female samples that were tested by the established multiplex amplification system. The same genotyping results were obtained from different tissues of the same person. Complete profiles could be obtained from more than 0.1 ng of the standard sample 9948. The loss of alleles was found when the common inhibitors such as hemoglobin and calcium ion were added 120-200 μmol/L and 1.5-2.0 mmol/L respectively to the system which with a strong anti-interference to the indigo, humic acid and EDTA. The typing of 24 Y-STR system could give the reliable results when 146 unrelated male individuals were detected and compared with the Yfiler system parallelly. The haplotype diversity （HD） of the population in Guangdong reached 0.999 72 that was better than the result retained from Yfiler system, which the HD was 0.998 58.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The fluorescence amplification system with 24 Y-STR loci established in present study has a wildly application prospect and can be used for cases inspection, paternity tests and Y-STR database construction.

Gene detection of GPD1-L and the association with sudden unexplained death syndrome in young adults / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS).@*METHODS@#The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the SMDS group and the normal control group. The exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3'-UTRs of coding region of GPD1-L were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced directly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency were analyzed statistically.@*RESULTS@#There were two variants in the SMDS group, c.465C>T and c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency between the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The relation between gene mutation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.

Genetic polymorphisms of 18 STR loci in Uygur population of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 18 STR loci (D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, FGA, D8S1179, upsilonWA, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, D2S1338, D19S433, D12S391, TPOX, TH01, Penta E and D6S1043) in unrelated Uygur individuals in Kashi prefecture of Xinjiang and to explore the application value in forensic practice.@*METHODS@#Blood samples from 1 381 unrelated Uygur individuals were amplified by using DNA Typer 15 Plus kit. The amplified products were detected by using 3130XL Genetic Analyzer and the genotyping was done by using GeneMapper ID v3.2. Population genetics parameters were calculated and compared with that of the other population. The genetic distance of Reynold's was calculated and phylogenetic tree was constructed at last.@*RESULTS@#Of the 1 381 unrelated Uygur individuals, 231 alleles were detected, with an allele frequency of 0.0004-0.5304. The H values were 0.644-0.923, PIC values were 0.587-0.918, and DP values were 0.817-0.988, respectively, with a CPE > 0.9999999. The genetic distance was the longest (0.088 3) to Guangzhou Han population and the closest (0.0503) to Greek.@*CONCLUSION@#The 18 STR loci in the Uygur population of Kashi prefecture of Xinjiang have high genetic polymorphisms which are close to Europeans, and can be satisfied as genetic markers of population individual identification and paternity testing.

Application of multiplex amplification of mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphism in the detection of complex forensic samples / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a new means for forensic examination of difficult samples including old blood stain, hair (containing hair shafts), decomposed samples and old bone tissues using co-amplification of mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With Identifiler kit, STR genotyping and 18 mtDNA SNPs (16 SNPs in the coding region and 2 in the control region) detection were carried out using multiple amplification with labeled fluorescence and capillary electrophoresis. The two methods were compared for their performance in forensic caseworks such as old blood stain, cast-off cells, degraded muscles, cartilages, teeth and old bones.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection rates of STR and mtDNA SNPs were both beyond 80%, but the latter had a greater success rate. The success rates of mtDNA SNPs were significantly greater than those of STR in the examination of such samples as degraded muscles, cartilages, and old bones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiplex amplification of mitochondrial DNA SNPs shows a bright prospect in the examination of difficult forensic samples.</p>

Chemokine SR-PSOX/CXCL16 expression in peripheral blood of patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein/CXC chemokine ligand 16 (SR-PSOX/CXCL16) promotes foam cell formation through the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mediated mechanism. Because chemokine CXCL16 could be expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, we presume that the monocyte SR-PSOX/CXCL16 detection in the patients' peripheral blood will be important for early diagnosis and prognosis of atherosclerosis (AS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enrolled in this study were 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 20 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 20 normal controls. Monocytes in the peripheral blood were isolated, and the changes of expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX mRNA were compared using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with beta-actin as internal control. We compared the expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX in the ACS subgroups, using Western-blot to analyze protein expression levels. Tissue sections were made from biopsy specimens taken from patients with infective endocarditis, liver cirrhosis, and lung cancer as well as normal controls. And the expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX was analyzed with a confocal microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX mRNA and protein in the monocytes of peripheral blood was significantly higher in ACS patients than in normal controls (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in CXCL16/SR-PSOX expression between UAP group and AMI group (P > 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that there were low expression of SR-PSOX in normal vascular endothelial cells and enhanced expression in every layer of the infected vessels, while spreading from endothelial cells to surrounding tissues as infection worsens. Confocal microscopy showed that the expression of SR-PSOX was enhanced in the infiltrated lymphocytes in liver cirrhosis, and that the expression level was proportionate to the degree of inflammation in the portal hepatis and folia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX in the monocytes of peripheral blood was significantly higher in ACS patients than in the controls. CXCL16/SR-PSOX-mediated inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of ACS, and CXCL16 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of AS in humans.</p>

The effect on DNA quantification and STR typing from cigarette butts collected at various time points / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect on DNA quantification and STR typing from cigarette butts collected at different time points.@*METHODS@#Forty "Hongshuangxi" brand cigarette butts smoked by ten different individuals (4 cigarettes per individual) were collected. DNA was extracted from the outer layer and the sponge of the cigarette butts using chelex-100 extraction kit, as well as STR typing and DNA quantitation were simultaneously performed in 1, 4, 7 and 10 weeks, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The DNA quantities extracted from the outer layer at the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th week were 0.104-2.52, 0.110-2.41, 0.0960-2.32 and 0.085 0-2.28 ng/microL, while the detection rates for 16 loci by STR typing were 100%, 90%, 75% and 62.5%, respectively. The DNA quantities extracted from the sponge were 0.0180-2.40, 0.0171-2.25, 0.0165-2.15 and 0.0160-2.15 ng/microL, while the detection rates for 16 loci by STR typing were 97.5%, 82.5%, 50% and 12.5%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#There is little difference in DNA quantity between the outer layer and the sponge of butts during 10 weeks, but there is an obvious effect on STR typing with prolonged extracting time. There is a much more effect on the sponge than on the outer layer, and the longer the standing time is, the lower the detection rate is.

Polymorphism of 12 Y-STR loci in Guangzhou Han population and its application in forensic medicine / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the allele frequency distribution, gene diversity and haplotype diversity of 12 Y-specific short tandem repeats (STR) in Guangzhou Han population and evaluate their forensic application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve Y-STR loci in 401 unrelated male Han individuals in Guangzhou were amplified with PowerPlex(R) Y System, and the PCR products were detected with 3100 Genetic Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data of allele distribution and gene diversity of the 12 Y-STR loci were obtained from these individuals. A total of 398 haplotypes were observed and the overall haplotype diversity for the 12 Y-STR loci was 0.99997. The DNA samples of 13 different species of animals were amplified and no specific products were observed. Different tissues from the same individual exhibited the same Y-STR haplotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12 Y-STR loci exhibit high genetic polymorphism and are of important value in understanding of the human origin, individual identification for mixed male/female DNA samples and paternity identification.</p>

Effect of urotensin II on iNOS expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the direct effect of urotensin II (U II) on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUVEC were cultured with different concentrations of U II (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/L) for 24 hours. Then the supernatant was collected to detect the level of NO and the activity of iNOS, the expression of iNOS mRNA of HUVEC was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with controls, the level of NO, the activity of iNOS and the iNOS mRNA expression increased significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>U II may up-regulate the expression of iNOS mRNA and increase NO generation in HUVEC, it suggests that U II may relax blood vessel by activating iNOS/NO pathway.</p>

Genetic studies of 15 STR loci in Guangxi Miao population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The study was carried out to investigate genetic polymorphism of 15 STR loci in Guangxi Miao population. METHORDS: DNA samples from southern China 274 Miao unrelated individuals were screened by using AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit and 3100 Genetic Analyzer.@*RESULTS@#These 15 loci meet the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The matching probability of the 15 STR loci was 5.04 x 10(-17), and combined paternity of exclution was 0.9999993 in Guangxi Miao population.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results showed Identifiler PCR Amplification systems of 15 STR loci were useful enough to forensic case work in Guangxi Miao population.

Genetic studies of 13 loci in Guangdong Han population by two multiplex PCR systems and its forensic application / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The genetic studies of 13 short tandem repeats(STRs) loci in two multiplex amplification systems were carried out on Chinese Han population in Guangdong.@*METHODS@#DNA samples from 328 unrelated individuals were screened. The 13 loci were D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, TH01, TPOX and CSF1PO. The PCR products were analyzed and genotyped by ABI 377-96 Sequencer.@*RESULTS@#The combined power of discrimination (DP) was 0.999999999999993 and the combined paternity of exclusion(PE) was 99.999%. These 13 loci met the Hardy-Weinberg expectations.@*CONCLUSION@#The two multiplex amplification systems were very useful in forensic case investigation.